03/08/1990 - Minutes Minutes of the Meeting of the
Committee of the Whole
March 8, 1990
5: 00 p.m. to 6 : 11 p.m.
City Council Conference Room
325 City and County Building
451 South State Street
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
In Attendance: Ronald Whitehead, District One; Wayne Horrocks,
District Two; Nancy Pace, District Three; Roselyn Kirk, District
Six; Don Hale, District Seven; Cindy Gust-Jenson, Executive
Director; Linda Hamilton, Finance Director; Scott Bond, Director
of Policy and Budget; Susan Roberts, Revenue Specialist; Mark
Hafey, nominee for Board of Adjustment; and other City and
Council Staff members, and members of the press. Councilmember
Alan Hardman, District Four, was excused and Councilmember Tom
Godfrey, District Five was excused.
The meeting was called to order by Nancy Pace, Vice-Chair, who
reviewed the agenda for the meeting. Executive Director, Cindy
Gust-Jenson, briefed the Council on the schedule of events and
indicated that the Council meeting for Tuesday night would be
lengthy, due to the members having been out of town at the N.L.C.
conference, other circumstances, and a multitude of public
hearings had to be scheduled for that date.
BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT CANDIDATE
The Council interviewed Mark Hafey, the Mayor's recommended
candidate to the Board of Adjustment. Mr. Hafey indicated that
he had worked for 30 years in the Salt Lake City Planning
Department and had been involved in solving zoning problems. Mr.
Hafey stated that if he was appointed, this background would be
beneficial to the Board of Adjustment to help solve current
zoning problems. Mr. Hafey stated that he would try his best to
do a good job. Mr. Hafey stated that he has volunteered his
experience in the past and enjoys being of assistance.
Councilmember Horrocks stated that it has been approximately
twenty years that he was aware of since Mr. Hafey served on his
first committee.
Councilmember Hale stated that Mr. Hafey's volunteer experience
is very commendable.
Councilmember Kirk indicated that Mr. Hafey has very good
experience.
Councilmember Pace indicated that Mr. Hafey is a good mentor with
a positive attitude and that he would be an asset to the Board of
Adjustment.
Councilmember Hale asked how the voting on the Board of
Adjustment was established. Mr. Hafey indicated that only five
board members have voting privileges.
Councilmember Pace encouraged the Councilmembers to recommend
people that they feel are qualified for the boards and
commissions.
Councilmember Pace indicated that Mr. Hafey's appointment to the
Board of Adjustment would be placed on the agenda for Tuesday's
council meeting.
FINANCE DEPARTMENT POLICY BRIEFING
Vice Chair Pace then asked Linda Hamilton, Finance Director, to
brief the Council on policy issues.
Ms. Hamilton indicated that Scott Bond, Susan Roberts, and she
would be briefing the Council.
Councilmember Kirk congratulated Ms. Hamilton on the summary she
had provided and stated that it was easy to read and understand.
Councilmember Pace also expressed her appreciation.
Ms. Hamilton stated that she was assuming that the Council had
read the summary briefly and would summarize on this assumption.
Ms. Hamilton stated that in the past four to five years the City
has lost 4 . 4 million dollars in revenue, but that parking
revenues have been increased. Ms. Hamilton stated that the
balancing of the budget during these years has been obtained by
one-time money and that we cannot continue to balance the budget
this way because it is never known if one-time money will be
available.
Councilmember Pace asked where the one-time money comes from.
Ms. Hamilton stated that in the past it has come from interest
income, sale of real property and various other sources. Ms.
Hamilton stated that 1.7 million dollars was used last year to
balance the budget. This one-time money had come from Salt Lake
County making payments for the rental of the City and County
Building and from revenues in the Building Restoration Debt
Service Fund.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the decline in real property value in
Salt Lake City over the last five years has created a significant
decline in property tax revenues and that it is likely to
continue for at least the next five years. Ms. Hamilton also
stated that the distribution change in the sales tax revenues has
limited the growth of revenue in this area. Ms. Hamilton stated
that the continued decline in real property assessed value, the
efforts to decrease sales tax, population decreases and the
decline in Class C Road Fund revenues have all contributed to
budget shortfalls, and if policy changes are not made, services
or personnel cuts are likely. Ms. Hamilton stated that $700, 000
may also be allocated to support the Salt Palace restoration.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the policies that people are using to
evaluate the budget have never been put in writing. Ms. Hamilton
stated that property tax initiatives and tax initiatives which
would reduce revenues further are being supported by the Police
Department. Ms Hamilton stated that the fee schedule for Salt
Lake City has not been updated accordingly to keep up with
inflation, so that when increases are made, they are big one-
time, instead of gradual, increases.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the consolidation of the Police and Fire
Department 911 service has saved money. Ms. Hamilton also stated
that the street lighting consolidation has resulted in a savings
to the City.
Ms. Hamilton stated that by establishing user fees the City could
increase its revenue and that the user fee policy should be
worded to allow discounted fees for eligible citizens. Ms.
Hamilton stated that it would benefit the City if expense revenue
policies were written because it would be clearer to the citizens
and would provide a guideline to staff. Ms. Hamilton stated that
the policies would need to be written to give context to analyze
individual issues. Ms. Hamilton stated that written policies
would provide a framework for long-term decisions.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the State Surplus is making the citizens
feel better about the economy of the State, but that Salt Lake
City does not receive any of this surplus money and that the
sales tax distribution formula established by the State impacts
our revenues and property tax base.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the City needs to address long-term
revenue development and suggested a few options that are being
considered. Ms. Hamilton said that option 1 is to increase
economic development in a viable way to increase the tax base
without increasing tax rates. Ms. Hamilton stated that option 2
involves the strengthening of legislative lobbying to create an
increase in revenues for the City. Ms. Hamilton stated that
option 3 would involve implementation of new user fees by
establishing fees to represent the cost of user services. These
fees would be distributed equally between all users and the fees
would be offset for those users who qualify for low income
waivers. Ms. Hamilton stated that currently the fees being
charged are below the cost for operation and so services are
being cut yearly to offset the shortage of funds.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the Finance Department is trying to set
guidelines that would be set as City Policy to help prevent the
guidelines from being established on an unofficial, informal
basis by circumstance.
Ms. Hamilton stated that currently the Finance Department is
working on five items to try and increase revenue. Ms. Hamilton
stated that the budget forecast is being developed internally and
includes very conservative estimates.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the second item is the attempt to
minimize the use of one-time money.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the third item is to aggressively
collect revenues that are due to the City, i.e. parking tickets,
business license fees, etc.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the fourth item is to increase user fees
so that programs can pay for themselves and will not require
funding from the City.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the fifth item is to reduce costs, which
would involve determining if it is safe to cut services, or
increase revenue by establishing new user fees, or increasing
current user fees. Ms. Hamilton stated that establishing new
fees is preferred to increasing the user fees, but that the
current fees would be addressed on a yearly basis to determine if
the fees being charged are in line with other comparable
providers. Ms. Hamilton stated that the public would more
readily accept frequent small increases rather than a large
increase once every ten years.
Councilmember Kirk stated that the fees in the Lighting District
in her District are increasing three times the current amount due
to cost increases, and that there have not been any increases for
quite some time and many citizens are opposing the increase.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the long-term goals of the finance
department are to establish a policy and alternative ways to
allocate costs, and to develop an alternative to revenue
distribution formulas.
Ms. Hamilton then stated that this was their proposal and asked
the Council if they had any questions.
Councilmember Hale asked why Ms. Hamilton said that the economy
looked better. Ms. Hamilton stated that she said this because
the revisions to the sales tax distribution policy had been
changed to distribute sales tax revenue to the City's on a
quarterly basis instead of yearly, and the State economy was
looking better to the public due the surplus funds.
Ms. Roberts stated that Salt Lake City has not been doing very
well, that the sales tax revenue is down and not much growth is
expected.
Councilmember Kirk asked if we had a model of a long-term
procedure to follow. Ms. Hamilton stated that if the Council
thought the long-term goal proposal presented by the Finance
Department was reasonable, and was agreed upon by a majority of
the Council, the Finance Department would allocate funds to
develop a long-term procedure. Councilmember Kirk asked who
would be doing the research. Ms. Hamilton stated that was not
known; first, a decision had to be made to determine if this was
a reasonable approach.
Councilmember Whitehead stated that we need to address the
daytime population issue as being a source of revenue to the City
by charging toll tax, commuter tax, etc.
Councilmember Horrocks stated that policies on Capital
Improvement are in need of attention as well and asked if there
were any ways to build up this fund. Ms. Hamilton stated that a
general direction needed to be decided to provide individual
solutions.
Councilmember Horrocks stated that it seems like the budget has
never provided funds for maintaining capital improvements. Ms.
Hamilton stated that it appeared this way because it has been
more difficult to balance the budget due to decreases in revenues
and services have had to be cut. Ms. Hamilton stated that we
need to find a better way to increase revenues.
Councilmember Horrocks stated that the infrastructure was
falling, and asked if an increase in fees would help. Ms. Gust-
Jenson stated that the capital planning staff for last year
suggested hiring a consultant to suggest ideas and that this
option may be something the Council would like to consider.
Councilmember Horrocks stated that to accomplish these items, the
department would need to spend a little money.
Councilmember Whitehead stated that the Police Department used
one-time money last year. Councilmember Horrocks stated that the
Police Department had used these funds but that if they hadn't
then they would have had to cut services. Councilmember
Whitehead stated that they should have thought of ways to
increase revenue sources years ago. Councilmember Whitehead
stated that if the City does not choose to change procedures that
the City will be a very rich town or a very poor town if the
growth doesn't go in the right direction
Councilmember Horrocks stated that the current residents of Salt
Lake City consist mainly of Senior Citizens and lower income
individuals and that this trend needs to be reversed.
Councilmember Pace told Ms. Hamilton that she had started a very
good discussion. Ms. Hamilton stated that the direction must be
determined to find the solution to these problems.
Councilmember Pace asked if taxes are charged on City services.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the City does charge franchise tax on
its services. Councilmember Pace asked if these funds are
limited and how they are assessed. Ms. Hamilton stated that the
tax schedule is mandated and that the franchise tax is charged to
the utility companies within the City however, the Public Service
Commission voted to allow companies to pass this franchise tax on
to the customers and therefore, the citizens are paying the
services tax.
Councilmember Hale brought up the fact that one way to increase
revenue was to legalize gambling in the State, because Utah is
losing many dollars to Wendover. Councilmember Horrocks asked if
Councilmember Hale was advocating
gambling. Councilmember Hale stated no, but that it is
disheartening to lose these revenues to another state.
Councilmember Pace stated that the current policy needs to be
reevaluated.
Councilmember Whitehead asked Ms. Hamilton if the fair market
value is being equally distributed. Ms. Hamilton stated that the
County assesses the fair market value on a home. Councilmember
Whitehead asked if we could push the County to assure that the
fair market values being assessed are correct. Ms. Hamilton
stated that the City cannot interfere and has no control over the
assessments and that the home owners would notify the County
Assessor if their property value was incorrect. Councilmember
Whitehead indicated he had seen several assessments which could
not have been correct. Ms. Roberts stated that most home owners
would not be willing to contact the County Assessor if their
property value was low because it would increase their property
taxes.
Councilmember Kirk stated that many years ago the County
Commission was told to reevaluate assessed property values every
five years.
Councilmember Pace indicated that the Council needed to stray
away from this issue because a decision needs to be made on the
issue at hand.
Councilmember Kirk asked if the private/partner relationship was
important and if this would increase money. Ms. Hamilton stated
that it is a good idea. Councilmember Pace stated that she
thought this was an excellent idea. Ms. Hamilton stated that the
politicians need to handle this effort and that the City does not
have enough staff to cover the lobbying.
Councilmember Pace indicated that a straw poll should be taken
and asked Ms. Gust-Jenson how to conduct a straw poll. Ms. Gust-
Jenson stated that Councilmember Pace would need to ask each
Councilmember if they agreed with the proposed plan.
Councilmembers Pace, Horrocks, Whitehead, Hale, and Kirk
indicated support. It was agreed that Councilmember Godfrey and
Councilmember Hardman would be asked for their opinions
informally.
Ms. Hamilton stated that the departments will be specific in
their budget requests and that the Finance Department will
present the total funds available for these requests.
Councilmember Horrocks asked if the Full Time Equivalents (FTE)
budgets are rising. Ms. Hamilton stated that yes, they were
rising considerably. Ms. Hamilton asked Mr. Bond if he had done
a survey on the FTE funding. Mr. Bond stated that he had
completed a survey and that the Airport and Enterprise funds had
increased substantially, and that there had been some decreases
that had occurred mostly in the General Fund.
Councilmember Whitehead stated that he was interested in knowing
what funds had increased and what funds have decreased. Mr. Bond
stated that to see the FTE breakdown for each individual
department would require going to each department to see the
breakdown reports.
The Committee of the Whole meeting was then adjourned at 6: 11
p.m.
Alan G. Hardman, Chair
date
Kathryn Marshall, City Recorder date
•
OFFICE OF THE CITY _COUNCIL
CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING
451 SOUTH STATE STREET, SUITE E 304
SALT•LAKE CITY, UTAH 84111
535-7600
TENTATIVE AGENDA
To Be Posted: 5:00 p.m.
Wednesday, March 7, 1990
SALT LAKE CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE MEETING
DATE: Thursday, March 8, 1990
TIME: 5:00 p.m.
PLACE: City Council Conference Room
City & County Building, Room 325
451 South State Street
Salt Lake City, Utah
1) The City Council will interview Mark Hafey prior to consideration of his
appointment to the Board of Adjustment.
2) The Council will receive a briefing from the Finance Department
regarding policy issues.
Break
*** The Council will convene as the Board of Directors for the
Redevelopment Agency for their monthly meeting following the Committee
of the Whole meeting.
cc: Mayor Palmer DePaulis, Mike Zuhl, Emilie Charles, Roger Cutler, Kathryn
Marshall, Department Heads, Press
OFFICE OF THE CITY COUNCIL
CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING
451 SOUTH STATE STREET, SUITE 304
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84111
535-7600
January 3, 1990
MEMORANDUM
TO: COUNCILMEMBERS
FROM: ED SNOW
RE: REVIEW OF MAYOR DEPAULIS" BOARD APPOINTMENT RECOMMENDATION
I have attached the Mayor's recommendation of Mark Hafey to be appointed to
the Board of Adjustment. Because of a question regarding this recommendation,
there was a slight delay in the processing.
BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT
ORDINANCE CITATION: 21 .06.010
MEMBERSHIP: 5 with 3 alternate members
TERM: 5 years, staggered terms
QUALIFICATION: Non-required
ADVICE AND CONSENT: yes
OATH OF OFFICE: No
PURPOSE: The Board has three basic powers: (1) Hears appeals on applications
of zoning ordinances. (2) Reviews, grants, or denies all applications for
special exceptions to the ordinances (conditional uses). (3) Grants variances
from the zoning ordinance in specific cases where there are special conditions
attached to the ,property not generally applicable to other properties. The
Board cannot grant a use variance.
NAME COUNCIL INITIAL TERM
DISTRICT APPOINTMENT EXPIRATION DATE
1. Dorothy Pleshe 3 4/84(ALT) 1st Full Term
641 6th Ave. 7/86(12/86) 12/31/91
Salt Lake City, Utah 84103 12/86
Phone: (W)530-7367 (H)539-9704
2. Jerry Fenn 1 12/88 1st Term
905 North 1500 West 12/31/93
Salt Lake City, Utah 84116
Phone: 359-7597
3. Robert Lewis 4 1/81(12/82) 2nd Term
806 Blair Street 12/82( 12/87) 12/31/92
Salt Lake City, Utah 12/88
Phone: (H) 363-8331
41. Nancy Pace - RESIGNED 3 (12/84)1/85 1st Tern
1524 Arlington Drive 12/31/89
Salt Lake City, Utah 84102
Phone: (W)364-4461 (H)322-2348
5. I. J. Wagner 3 10/83(ALT) 1st Term
445 Northmont Way 10/87 12/31/90
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Phone: (W)322-4141 (H) 364-6870
sAn ri Q, 0'° ONE
OFFICE OF THE CITY COUNCIL
CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING
451 SOUTH STATE STREET, SUITE 304
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84111
535-7600
March 5, 1990
MEMORANDUM
TO: COUI&ILME ERS
FROM: CINDY GUST-JE SON .1,fi\ c)
SUBJECT: FINAME POLICY DISCUSSION
The Finance Department's policy discussion relates to establishing an
informal revenue policy for the City.
Generally, the Council does not take straw polls on policy discussion
items, but in this case it may be appropriate to do so to determine the level
of support of the Council. Because the Finance Department is proposing an
informal policy, there is no need for the Council to take official action, but
the straw poll would express the Councils opinion.
If the Council supports all or parts of the proposed revenue policy, the
Administration would print the policy in the budget book, and would consider
it as they prepare their budget. In addition, the informal policy could serve
as guidance to the Council staff as we evaluate the budget. For the record,
the informal policy could be included in the Council's policy manual.
If you have concerns about any of the items in the proposed policy,
please feel free to let us know before Thursday's meeting and we will ask that
the Finance Department come prepared to answer your specific concerns or
questions.
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REVENUE POLICY
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DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
POLICY HEARING WITH THE CITY COUNCIL
March 8, 1990
LINDA HAMILTON IA42 (U, PN PALMER DEPAULIS
DIRECTOR OF FINANCE - MAYOR
FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Policy and Budget Division
451 SOUTH STATE STREET, ROOM 248
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84111
TELEPHONE (801) 535-7810
February 26, 1990
Alan G. Hardman, Chairperson, and
City Council Members
Salt Lake City Council
City & County Building, Room 304
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Dear Mr. Hardman and City Council Members:
Attached please find the briefing paper of the Finance Depart-
ment ' s policy hearing scheduled for Thursday, March 8.
This year we propose advancing only one policy issue before the
City Council. We have chosen to discuss revenue policy because
of its critical and long-range impact on City operations. We are
continuing work to implement centralized contracting and to
establish the Office of Internal Audit, but feel that there are
no needed changes to our operating policies at this time.
We look forward to meeting with you and discussing the issues
outlined in this briefing paper.
Sincerely,
Linda Hamilton
Director of Finance
LH/SB:lc
Attachment
THE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
Policy Hearing with the City Council
ISSUE: REVENUE POLICY
During the past several years, the City's tax base has not kept up with rising
costs which has required the Mayor and City Council to struggle with some major
policy issues. In FY 1986-87, we lost $3.6 million of federal revenue sharing. This
loss necessitated a property tax increase, an increase in building permit fees,
increased parking fines, and the initiation of a franchise fee on water and sewer
services. The loss of the remaining $800,000 of federal revenue sharing in
FY 1987-88 and a stagnant economy resulted in increased business licence fees, an
increase in the parking meter rate, and the initiation of a garbage collection fee.
Changes in tax or fee rates were modest in FY 1988-89 and FY 1989-90 with the
exception of a new admission fee at the Tracy Aviary. However, one-time revenue of
$424,000 was used in FY 1988-89 and $1 ,700,000 in FY 1989-90 to balance the
budget.
All indications are that in the next five years, the Mayor and City Council will
face policy issues of a magnitude similar to those faced during the past five. Our
property tax base has declined in terms of real dollars over the past five years and
will likely continue the decline during the next five. Furthermore, the scheduled shift
to give greater weight to population in the sales tax distribution formula will further
dilute our tax base's ability to fund basic services as our population continues in a
moderate decline. Declining population will adversely affect other revenue sources
including class "C" road funds and the Community Development Block Grant.
Although City policy makers have made some important policy decisions
about our revenue base, they have not articulated an overall revenue policy to guide
budget development. The purpose of this paper is first, to discuss the City's de
facto revenue policies; second, to outline the reasons why the City should adopt
written revenue policies; third, to discuss reasons why some of the current policies
should change and possible options; and fourth, to discuss recommended changes.
Current Policies
The City has not articulated a formal policy on revenue, although several de
facto policies have emerged.
1 . Hold the line on taxes.
The past five years have been characterized by a turbulent political climate
that resulted in three tax limitation initiatives making the ballot in 1988. Although the
initiatives failed, they clearly had an impact in shaping this policy that has been
generally accepted by the Mayor and Council alike. Only the property tax increase
and franchise tax on water and sewer that occurred in FY 1986-87 were exceptions
to the rule. When adjusted for inflation, tax revenue has declined since that time.
-2-
2. Hold the line on fees.
Unlike taxes, the City has had more control over the rates for the various fees
charged for City services. The City has increased its reliance on fee increases to
balance the budget, but recent increases are still inadequate to maintain the same
level of funding as FY 1986-87 when adjusted for inflation (see chart on page 8).
City fees have been reviewed sporadically and the increases for a given fee are
relatively large and infrequent.
3. Increase Efficiency.
Necessity has dictated that departments implement cost reduction strategies
in order to balance the budget. Some of these reductions were accomplished with
little or no decrease in the level of service provided to our citizens. Examples of
efficiency enhancements include consolidation of Police functions into a central
facility, fire station consolidations, and lower cost street lights. These increases in
efficiency will continue to be the Administration's first option for dealing with revenue
shortfalls.
4. Shift to user fees.
Since FY 1986-87, when new revenue was needed, the City sought new fees
or increases to existing fees as an alternative to taxes. As a result, the City's
revenue base has become increasingly more dependent on fees and less dependent
on taxes. In FY 1986-87 taxes comprised 75% of the general fund revenue.
Currently, taxes are only 72% of a comparable revenue base. On the other hand,
charges for services increased from 1% to 5% during the same period. Most of the
increase was caused by the fee for garbage service established in the FY 1987-88
budget.
5. Provide discounts for those less able to pay.
A good example of this was the abatement program for low income garbage
customers. This philosophy also was apparent in the discussion on water and
sewer rate increases. A low income abatement will soon be available to eligible
property owners in all Special Improvement Districts.
The Argument for Written Policies
The City has pursued financial policies that have delivered balanced budgets
during years of fiscal distress and have contributed to maintaining our AM bond
rating. However, committing policies to writing, formally adopting them, and
reviewing them periodically would result in additional benefits. Written policies:
1 . Provide a communications tool that would enhance the City's
credibility with the public, other government agencies and bond rating
agencies.
2. Provide guidelines for staff that would enhance efficient analysis
and presentation of financial issues.
-3-
3. Provide a "big picture" approach to individual issues. They
provide a long-term perspective and prevent policy decisions that may
be inconsistent or in conflict with existing policies.
4. Encourage Continuity with past decisions and future
commitments. Although policies can and will change from time to time,
sound policies can be a legacy for future Mayors and City Councils.
5. Provide a yardstick for evaluation. They are criteria for future
decisions and practices.
Some Current Policies Need Reevaluation
Taxes generate most of the City's general fund revenue. However, taxes have
lost ground to inflation during the past five years. When adjusted for inflation, tax
revenue has steadily declined since 1987 (see charts on pages 9-12). Much of the
decline is attributable to utility rate decreases that have decreased franchise tax
revenue as well as declining property values that have held property tax revenue
below the rate of inflation. Sales tax has been the tax source that has best kept
pace with inflation.
Recent publicity about the State's budget surplus has confused the public's
perception of the City's fiscal condition. The fundamental difference between the
State and the City is that the State's revenue base includes income tax revenue not
enjoyed by the City. In fact most of the current surplus is attributable to increases in
income tax revenue.
As we look to the next five years, there are several factors that indicate that
the City's tax base will continue to lag behind inflation:
1 . Legislation - The State continues to exercise significant control over
local government. As a result, the City faces restructuring of sales tax
distribution and the potential loss of the Innkeeper's Tax.
2. Demographics - The City's population is declining despite an
increase in the number of households. As a result, the City will lose a
portion of sales and gasoline tax revenue that are partially distributed
on a population basis. However, the decline in population is not
indicative of a decline in demand for services.
3. Property Values - The growth in City property values has slowed
during the past five years and actually decreased between 1988 and
1989. Part of the decline is attributable to the poor housing market. A
45% increase in the number of appeals to the Board of Adjustment also
contributed.
4. Tax exempt properties - A large portion of the property in Salt
Lake City is exempt from taxes but still require services. An estimated
40% of Salt Lake City is owned by tax-exempt entities such as the
-4-
federal government, the State, the City, churches, and nonprofit
organizations.
The point is that the City will likely see a continued need to rely on many
options (including taxes) to balance the budget. Furthermore, some of the
alternatives that were viable during the past five years may not be as viable during
the next five. For example, the City had to become more efficient over the past five
years out of necessity. While ways to become even more efficient are becoming less
evident, we will continue to pursue efficiencies in the future. Reductions in services
would jeopardize our quality of life and the ability to attract residents and
businesses.
Policy Options
Several policy options are available to manage our changing revenue base.
Considering the current unwritten policies is a good place to start. Certainly they
have been effective in the recent past. However, the outlook for the next five years
gives reason to believe that new or revised strategies will be needed.
Economic Development
Economic development is a viable way to increase the tax base without
increasing tax rates. However, economic growth generally requires an initial
investment and results in greater demands on services. Economic development has
been pursued by the City in the past and will continue to play a role in City policy in
the future. The City coordinates its economic development efforts with other
jurisdictions through the Utah Economic Development Corporation.
Although economic development is a productive way to bolster the City's tax
base, it should not be considered a panacea. Our economic development efforts
should be guided by specific goals and criteria which define in advance the
expected growth in revenue and the associated costs. Economic Development
efforts should be accompanied by other strategies when addressing revenue
concerns.
Legislative Action
As mentioned earlier, a significant part of our revenue problems are caused
by legislation at the state or federal level. Federal legislation resulted in the loss of
federal revenue sharing and state legislation will result in decreased sales tax growth
and potentially in diverting the Innkeeper's Tax for other purposes. Furthermore,
state statutes limit the City's ability to increase revenue through rate increases or
alternate forms of taxation.
The City has had an ongoing lobbying effort to quell legislation that adversely
impacts City revenue and to promote legislation that would help our cause. If City
policy makers choose this option, they must recognize our limitations in effecting
changes. However, that should not deter us from directing our efforts to that end.
-5-
The City's efforts to initiate legislative action should start with a long-range
political strategy. This should be coupled with efforts to focus the public's attention
on the important issues. One potential policy issue is to find an equitable way for
commuters to help fund City services. The City's large day time population places
considerable demands on City services beyond those required by City residents.
Other cities address this issue through a City income tax. Another potential issue
would be a proposal to change distribution formulas that use residential population
as a determining factor. Residential population is a poor indicator of the demand on
City services, especially in Salt Lake City where the average household size is on the
decline.
User Fees
Perhaps the most viable option is one that we have effectively pursued in the
past; increased reliance on user fees. User fees are one of the few revenue sources
over which we have much control. As discussed earlier, policy decisions in the past
five years have resulted in fees and fines producing a greater portion of our general
fund revenue.
Admittedly, user fees have some drawbacks. Most notable is the fact that a
user fee is more regressive than other forms of revenue. Although it does effectively
match the cost of a service with those who use it, it also has a tendency to put more
of a burden on those least able to pay. Fees are regressive because they constitute
a higher percentage of disposable income to lower income residents.
Another issue that must be addressed is the seeming inconsistency between
moving towards a greater reliance on user fees and the desire to, "hold the line on
fees." Our past practice has been to avoid frequent increases of any particular fee.
The result has been disproportionately large increases when they are raised with a
fair amount of public resistance, often to the point that usage decreases. This
practice is inconsistent with policies in other cities that recognize that inflation
creates yearly cost increases. Many cities have adopted policies that call for annual
evaluation of fees on the basis of service costs, which result in more frequent but
smaller increases. A side benefit of this process is that cost increases may be more
closely scrutinized if they result in immediate fee increases.
The policies recommended in the next section reflect the opinion that as a
practical matter, the City will need to continue to rely more heavily on user fees to
fund City services. The recommendations also reflect the opinion that we must
manage this revenue source more carefully to assure that its growth is consistent
with funding needs. We make these recommendations recognizing that user fees
are a small enough revenue source that they will not be able to solve all funding
problems. Rather, they are a practical way to mitigate problems over which the City
has some control and ability to manage.
Recommended Policies
In conclusion, we recommend the following revenue policies for
recommendation to the City Council. We point out that these policies will be used as
general guidelines in preparing the budget. They will also be printed in the budget
book in order to communicate the City's intent to the citizens. They should not be
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construed as rigid rules that bind either the Mayor or the Council in the decision
making process. It is also worth pointing out that some of the proposed policies
differ from current practices and will require some time to implement.
General Principles
1. The City will project its annual revenue through an analytical process and the
City will adopt its annual budget using conservative estimates.
2. The City will minimize the use of one-time revenue to fund programs that will
incur ongoing costs.
3. Once assessed, the City will aggressively collect all revenue due.
4. The City will pursue abatement programs and other ways to reduce the effect
of taxes and fees on those least able to pay.
5. To the extent that the City's tax base is insufficient to fund current services,
the City will first, continue to look for ways to reduce the cost of government
services; second, consider reducing the level of government services; third,
consider new user fees or increases in existing fees. Should these three
alternatives fail to offer a suitable solution, the City would increase the
property tax rate as a last resort.
User Fees
6. The City will review the annual budget for those programs that can be
reasonably funded by user fees. This review will result in a policy that defines
cost and specifies a percentage of that cost that will be offset by a fee and
establishes a rationale for the percentage. When establishing these
percentages the City will consider:
a) Rates charged by other public and private providers.
b) Costs required to change the rate.
c) The ability of the users to pay.
d) Other policy considerations. (For example, sometimes it is necessary
to set a fine at a higher price than is needed to cover full costs in order
for the fine to serve as a deterrent.)
7. The City will adjust user fee rates annually based on an analysis of the criteria
established in policy six above. The City will pursue frequent small increases
as opposed to infrequent large ones.
Long-Term Strategies
8. The City will consider initiatives consistent with the following three objectives:
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a) Finding alternatives which address service demands created by the
City's large daytime population; and
b) Finding alternatives which allocate an equitable portion of service costs
to tax—exempt institutions; and
c) Finding alternatives to formulas that use residential population to
distribute key revenues such as sales tax and gasoline tax.
GENERAL FUND CHARGES & FEES
Actual & Inflation Adjusted 1982 Dollars
Millions
$10 -1
Prm—ww Fr— //cmwrt /, .0Ik
$4 - , / - /111
- V /Hi
$0
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
%/A Actual Mu Inflation Adjusted
GENERAL FUND TAX REVENUE
Actual & Adjusted For Inflation
% Change From FY 1986
14% —
10% -
8% -
B% -
4% -
2%
0%
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Fiscal Year
Actual —i— AdJ For Inflation
PROPERTY TAX REVENUE
Actual & Inflation Adjusted 1982 Dollars
Millions
$30 --`--- - --
$25 d 7 V 7
$20 1 /�? ,--` //�'- ��-
i % l - •- / F---
// /.�. ,
$15 -� �LC o
, r / —/7-- P:.___ /—/-_-_- _ _ r — !!I
F-_ , --./"--_-_- _ ,/= //,--
,v-- i - .--/,;=-.- II
$5 - „ ----- ------ \--- 77- . .. --. 1-- At
‘-.-- - - . ----- ,r--- ---
`-- , - / /i= -.--- - , -‘=-- t- --'=-J iiii
$0 /____, , z, . ,... , 4.-:---_, /,___ z._,_, , / ,
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
v// Actual UM Inflation Adjusted
SALES TAX REVENUE
Actual & Inflation Adjusted 1982 Dollars
Millions
$25
$20 - 7 7
7 7 7 7
$15 -1 /e--7
/- /
x7--• g -
$5
4f7 _
I 7-7 --
$o
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
/Z Actual MP Inflation Adjusted
FRANCHISE TAX REVENUE
Actual & Inflation Adjusted 1982 Dollars
Millions
$20
$16 -
7 7 7 7 7
/=/- 7/.= -
, A- V=
$o
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
IM Actual MU Inflation Adjusted
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