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Transmittal - 9/23/2022 REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY of SALT LAKE CITY SALT LAKE CITY CORPORATION 451 SOUTH STATE STREET, ROOM 118 WWW.SLC.GOV · WWW.SLCRDA.COM P.O. BOX 145518, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84114 -5518 TEL 801-535-7240 · FAX 801-535-7245 MAYOR E RIN MENDENHALL Executive Director DANNY WALZ Director STAFF MEMO DATE: September 23, 2022 PREPARED BY: Austin Taylor , Project Manager RE: Accessory Dwelling Unit Financing Program REQUESTED ACTION: Briefing on RDA’s research and next steps in creating an accessory dwelling unit financing program POLICY ITEM: Creation of a new accessory dwelling unit financing program BUDGET IMPACTS: N/A EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Redevelopment Agency of Salt Lake City (RDA) is working to create a program to primarily help low- to moderate-income homeowners finance accessory dwelling unit (ADU) construction. Accessory dwelling unit construction has not yet happened at scale and throughout the city , partly due to cost barriers. The RDA intends to publish a request for qualifications (RFQ) and work with community partners to provide financing options with the goal of helping homeowners build ADUs and increase the supply of attainable housing in low-density single-family neighborhoods. The initial focus of the program will be within the RDA’s 9-Line Project Area. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Accessory Dwelling Units Accessory dwelling units are one of many important tools to solving our region’s housing crisis. ADUs are small rental housing units—attached or detached—located on the same parcel as the primary house. They are typically rented and managed by the owner of the primary house who also lives on-site. ADUs are flexible, allowing homeowners to earn rental income, downsize into the ADU, or provide intergenerational housing. They are also typically less expensive to build than a new home or apartment unit (because land cost is “free”) and are often rented below market rates—and perhaps even free to the owner’s friends or family. 2 Salt Lake City’s latest housing plan, Growing SLC, calls for the City to encourage ADU construction: Goal 1.1.3 - Revise the Accessory Dwelling Unit ordinance to expand its application and develop measures to promote its use. Launching the Program in the 9-Line Project Area The RDA intends to launch a financing program to help low- to moderate-income homeowners pay for ADU construction. The RDA has decided to launch a pilot program in the 9-Line Project Area primarily because of its large amount of single-family housing stock, relatively high homeownership rates, and lack of ADU construction to date. Launching an ADU financing program in the 9 -Line Project Area by 2025 is a milestone within the Interlocal Agreement with the County authorizing the collection of tax increment and will increase the portion of the County’s funds that the RDA receives. The West Side Master Plan also calls for more ADUs in west-side neighborhoods: “Salt Lake City should expand the geographic area where accessory dwelling units are permitted to include the single-family districts in the Westside. Application of the accessory dwelling unit ordinance in this community would provide opportunities for additional density and a wider variety of housing choices without impacting the predominant development pattern.” “Protect and encourage ongoing investment in existing low-density residential neighborhoods.” Funding The RDA has set aside $394,000 for the initial creation of an ADU financing program for the 9 -Line Project Area. ANALYSIS & ISSUES Challenges Salt Lake City legalized ADUs in single-family zones throughout the city in 2018. As of January 1, 2022, only 30 ADUs have been built. This section highlights the barriers limiting ADU construction. Challenge #1: Zoning Restrictions • Though Salt Lake City has some of the most liberal ADU zoning policies in the state, there are still a few codes that make ADU construction challenging for many homeowners such as height limits, setbacks, and maximum unit size.1 • In a series of 12 interviews with builders, homeowners, and architects who have worked on ADU projects, many people noted zoning restrictions as difficult to comply with, especially on smaller lots. • The Planning Division is currently working on a set of zoning code changes that will expand ADU construction possibilities. The proposed changes address every issue that RDA staff heard in its series of community interviews.2 1 https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/saltlakecityut/latest/saltlakecity_ut/0 -0-0-68737 2 https://www.slc.gov/planning/2022/05/13/accessory -dwelling-unit-code-changes/ 3 Challenge #2: Construction Costs • Construction costs have escalated 15% per year from July 2020 to July 2022, much faster than the standard 3% escalation rate between January 2010 and January 2020 .3 • RDA staff found that Salt Lake City homeowners are paying between $100,000 and $250,000 to build a detached ADU on their lot. • Homeowners incur many unexpected costs during ADU construction, especially in utility and sitework. Challenge #3: Limited Financing Options • Since lenders have not traditionally seen ADUs as a separate dwelling unit, homeowners have not been able to borrow against the ADU’s potential rental income as inve stors are able to do with multifamily investment properties. • Through its interview series, RDA staff found that most homeowners are primarily paying for ADU construction with liquid assets such as cash savings or by selling securities such as stocks and bonds. Others are using home equity financing such as a home equity line of credit or a cash out refinance. • A lack of financing options has led to inequitable ADU construction. The Planning Division’s 2021 ADU report shows that homeowners in single-family neighborhoods east of I-15 are building ADUs at a higher rate than homeowners west of I -15, despite having similar lot sizes and zoning restrictions.4 Program Exploration Work RDA staff has completed the following tasks to determine the challenges and opportunities regarding ADUs in Salt Lake City: 1. Held a series of 12 interviews with local homeowners, architects, builders, policy experts, and consultants who are working on ADU projects 2. Conducted a survey of ADU financing programs throughout the country (see Attachment D) 3. Studied Salt Lake City’s ADU zoning code and annual ADU reports (see Attachment B) 4. Examined Salt Lake City’s RDA 9-Line Community Reinvestment Area Plan and West Side Master Plan 5. Attended local and national discussions to learn about ADU design, financing, policy, and trends 6. Researched available ADU financing products, including the home equity line of credit, cash out refinance, and construction loan and refinance 7. Organized the City’s ADU Task Force which includes staff from the RDA and Community and Neighborhoods’ Housing Stability, Building Services, and Planning divisions as well as the Public Utilities Department to work collaboratively on ADU issues including zoning, permitting, and financing 8. Drafted and continue to work on an RFQ to find potential program partners and structures to carry out an impactful ADU financing program 3 https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WPU801 4 http://www.slcdocs.com/Planning/Reports/2021/ADU%202021%20Report.pdf/ 4 RFQ Development After completing the program exploration listed above, RDA staff decided that the most appropriate next step would be to develop an RFQ to solicit proposals for a potential ADU program . Though the RDA has money set aside and is able to run its own ADU financing program , RFQ submissions may show us that there are other program ideas or partners that can help the RDA stretch its money and create the most impact possible. REDEVELOPMENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETING NOTES Staff brought this item to the Redevelopment Advisory Committee at their September 7 meeting for feedback. Committee members shared the following ideas: • The RDA offers inexpensive financing and flexible terms, it should require at least a short period of rental affordability in exchange for financing • The RDA should only loan on ADUs that will be associated with an owner -occupied house and definitely not finance ADU construction for short -term rentals • The RDA should look at partnering with a manufactured ADU builder that may be able to offer discounted pricing for bulk purchases • Staff should talk with homeowners who are building ADUs in Poplar Grove and Glendale neighborhoods to see what they intend to do with the ADU and how they are financing the construction. This can help the RDA tailor the pilot program to 9 -Line Project Area neighborhoods. • Staff should explore opportunities to have utility connection fees waived or subsidized for ADU construction BOARD DISCUSSION ITEMS Deed Restricted Affordability The RDA is currently focused on creating a program to help low- to moderate-income homeowners build wealth and housing supply through ADUs. The RDA may also choose to restrict the rent al rates on ADUs built through its program to ensure affordability. Is the Board interested in deed restricting these ADUs to ensure affordability for low-income renters? Though it would ensure affordability for low -income renters, requiring rental rate restrictions could reduce the number of homeowners willing to build and rent ADUs through the RDA’s program. Allowing low- to moderate-income homeowners who participate in the RDA’s program to rent their ADUs at market rates increases flexibility and allows them to more easily build generational wealth. Offering ADU construction and mortgage loans to low- to moderate-income homeowners without rental rate restrictions is in compliance with state law. State law 17C-1-411 (1)(a) states that the RDA may spend Secondary Housing funds (which are used to fund the ADU program thus far) on market-rate housing construction within a project area. However, if the RDA chooses to expand the ADU program outside of a project area—perhaps in high opportunity areas—ADUs built with RDA funds will need to be deed restricted for affordability. 5 NEXT STEPS Board Input RDA staff will seek Board members’ input to understand their goals for the ADU program. RFQ Publication and Review RDA staff will incorporate Committee and Board members’ ideas into the RFQ . RDA staff, with input from the City’s ADU Task Force, will review RFQ submissions and may select one or more organizations to partner with to create an ADU financing program . The RDA may run the program alone if it does not make sense to partner. ADU Financing Program Proposal RDA staff, with input from the City’s ADU Task Force, will work alone or with partner organization(s) to design an ADU financing program . Board Approval RDA staff will bring the ADU financing program proposal to the Board for final approval before program launch. Program Launch RDA staff will launch the ADU financing program, providing loans to help low - to moderate-income homeowners build and rent ADUs. PREVIOUS BOARD ACTION: The Board appropriated $394,000 in fiscal year 2022 budget to fund an ADU financing program. ATTACHMENTS Attachment A: 9-Line Project Area Map and Relevant Data Attachment B: Map of Permitted ADUs as of January 2022 and Zoning Map Attachment C: Observed 2022 Advertised ADU Rents and Affordability Attachment D: ADU Program Examples 6 ATTACHMENT A 9-Line Project Area Map and Relevant Data Relevant Data: • $232k average assessed house value (2022) • $47,719 median household income (2020) • Historic redlining • 8,279 sqft median lot size (2022) • 89% of residential land zoned R1 (2014) • 4.1 average family size (2014] 7 ATTACHMENT B Map of Permitted ADUs as of January 2022 and Zoning Map 8 Areas shown in yellow are zoned for single-family housing and allow ADUs. Though there is a significant amount of single family-zoned land in the 9-Line project area, it is not seeing as much ADU construction as single family-zoned land east of State Street. 9 ATTACHMENT C Observed 2022 Advertised ADU Rents and Affordability The following table compares rental rates observed on ADU rental ads on KSL Classifieds and Facebook Marketplace, both popular places for small -scale landlords to advertise their offerings. The table also indicates the minimum income a household must make to afford the associated monthly rent at 1/3 of their income. SqFt Low Rent Avg Rent High Rent Studio 500 $ 700 $ 1,050 $ 1,400 Renter’s Income $ 28,000 $ 42,000 $ 56,000 1 Bed 650 $ 910 $ 1,365 $ 1,820 Renter’s Income $ 36,400 $ 54,600 $ 72,800 2 Bed 800 $ 1,120 $ 1,680 $ 2,240 Renter’s Income $ 44,800 $ 67,200 $ 89,600 The following table lists current Salt Lake County area median income levels. Family Size AMI 80% 60% 40% 1 $71,688 $57,350 $43,013 $28,675 2 $81,938 $65,550 $49,163 $32,775 3 $92,188 $73,750 $55,313 $36,875 4 $102,375 $81,900 $61,425 $40,950 10 ATTACHMENT D ADU Program Examples Organization Offerings Requirements Program Link City of Boston, MA Interest-free gap financing up to $50k Internal ADU only https://www.boston.gov/departments /housing/addition-dwelling- units/adu-program County of Los Angeles, CA $75k grants ADU must be rented to formerly homeless https://planning.lacounty.gov/second unitpilot City of Napa, CA $50k forgivable loan ADU must be rented at approx. 55% AMI https://www.cityofnapa.org/747/Juni or -Unit-Initiative-Program City of Pasadena, CA $150k 3yr construction loan at 1% Must be rented to Section 8 tenant; must be repaid within 3 years https://www.cityofpasadena.net/hous ing/second-unit-adu-program/ City of Madison, WI $130k 15yr second mortgage loan at 2% None https://www.cityofmadison.com/dpc ed/economicdevelopment/adu-loan- financing/3809/ Eight Village Backyard ATL ADU owned and operated by Eight Village; homeowner may purchase ADU at any time Homeowner allows ADU on their lot through ground lease https://www.backyardatl.com/ Keys to Equity (Oakland, CA) Technical assistance: design, permitting, financing construction, and property management None, though the program primarily focuses on black homeowners https://keystoequity.org/ La Mas (Los Angeles, CA) Technical assistance: design, permitting, financing, construction, and property management Homeowner must rent to Section 8 tenant for 5 years https://static1.squarespace.com/static /5840c42cf5e2310b848ee53a/t/5be4 c7bcb8a0455819808583/154171999 7027/LA- Ma%CC%81s_BackyardHomes_On ePager_09.24.18+(1).pdf Symbium Software that allows homeowners to “fit” pre- approved ADU designs on their lot None https://symbium.com/ Dweller Prefabricated ADUs owned and operated by Dweller Homeowner gives free ground lease and receives 25% of rent https://www.dweller.com/